Victor Ambros, an American developmental biologist, has been awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine alongside Gary Ruvkun. Their discovery of microRNA and its role in gene regulation has transformed our understanding of how cells control gene activity, providing insights into diseases like cancer and diabetes. Ambros, a professor at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, has pioneered research in gene regulation, making microRNAs a critical focus in modern biology and medicine.